Graduated driver licensing, or GDL, has become the norm in all 50 U.S. States and the District of Columbia, but minimum entry ages range from 14 to 16 and the length of the probationary period, amount of supervised driving required and restrictions vary drastically.

Teen Drivers in Montana

If you're a teenager applying for your first driver's license, you'll need to satisfy the graduated driver licensing (GDL) requirements of the Montana Department of Justice (DOJ) Motor Vehicle Division (MVD).

The Montana GDL program will help you to develop your skills as a new driver and eventually ace your DMV driving test.

On this page, you'll find information about the MT MVD GDL program and your next steps towards your new driver's license.

New to Montana?

If you've recently moved to Montana, you must transfer your out-of-state driver's license within 60 days.

You will need to visit your local MT MVD office and:

• Provide proof of your identity, MT residency, and U.S. legal presence. Visit the website for a full list of accepted documents.
• Pass the written knowledge and road test, if required.
• Pass the vision test.

Montana GDL Program Stages

If you're younger than 18 years old, you'll need to complete the following GDL phases:

• Learner's permit.
• Restricted/provisional driver's license.
• Unrestricted driver's license.

Before applying for a Montana driver's license you should obtain a Montana Driver License Manual. This will provide you with every rule and regulation that you will need to know for passing your driving tests (written and skills exams).

Age Requirements

The minimum ages to begin each step of the MT DMV GDL program are as follows:

• Learner's permit:
  • When enrolled in an approved traffic education course: 14 1/2 years old.
    
  • Without Driver’s Ed: 16 years old.
• Provisional license: After holding a learner's permit for at least 6 months.
• Full driver's license: After holding a provisional driver's license for 1 year or when you turn 18 years old, whichever comes first.

How to Get a Montana Learner's Permit

The first step in the GDL program is to apply for your learner’s license. You are eligible when you are at least:

• 14 1/2 years old and enrolled in a state-approved Driver's Ed course. Online courses ARE NOT accepted. Please see our Driver's Ed page for more information.
  OR
• 16 years old.

To apply, visit your local Montana MVD office with your parent/legal guardian and:

• Pass the DMV written test.
• Meet the Montana DMV medical/vision requirements.
• Provide proof of your identity, residency and legal presence. Refer to the MT DMV website for details.
• Be prepared to pay the driver licensing fee of $5.15 per year.

To help you prepare for the written test, the DMV has an app for that. We also suggest preparing for the exam with an online practice test from our certified partner. They are designed to help you pass on your first attempt.

Learner's Permit Restrictions & Next Steps

With your learner's permit, you can drive only when supervised by a:

• Licensed parent/legal guardian.
• Licensed adult who is at least 18 years old and is authorized by your parent or guardian.

Drivers Age By State

Before moving on to the next steps of the Montana MVD GDL program, you'll need to:

• Complete at least 50 hours of supervised driving, with 10 hours completed at night.
• Have no traffic violations or alcohol/drug-related offenses for 6 months prior to applying for your provisional driver's license.
• Hold your learner's permit for at least 6 months.

How to Get a Provisional Driver's License

You are eligible for your first-year restricted license/provisional license after you:

• Have held your learner's permit for at least 6 months.
• Have had no traffic violations or alcohol/drug offenses in that past 6 months.
• Have completed at least 50 hours of supervised driving experience, with 10 hours completed at night.

To apply for your provisional driver's license, you'll need to visit the MT DMV office and:

• Have your parent/legal guardian complete aGraduated Driver Licensing Parent/Legal Guardian Certification (Form 21-1600).
• Pass the DMV road test. (You can schedule your driving test on theMT DMV website.)
• Provide proof of your identity and legal U.S. presence.
• Provide proof that you're a Montana resident.
• Pay the $5.15 per year driver's license fee.

Provisional License Restrictions and Next Steps

While you hold your provisional driver's license, you can ONLY:

• Drive unsupervised between 5 a.m. and 11 p.m only, unless for:
  • Work.
  • Emergencies.
  • Church.
  • Parent-authorized reasons.
• Have only 1 passenger (non-family member) younger than 18 years old for the first 6 months, unless you are supervised by a licensed driver who is at least 18 years old.
• Have up to 3 passengers (non-family member) younger than 18 years old for the next 6 months, unless you are supervised by a licensed adult who is at least 18 years old.

Your provisional driver's license will automatically convert to a full, unrestricted driver's license when you are at least 18 years old OR once you have held your provisional license for at least 1 year.

How to Get a Montana Unrestricted Driver's License

Your provisional driver's license restrictions will be lifted after:

• You have held your provisional driver's license for at least 1 year.
  OR
  
• You are at least 18 years old.

With your unrestricted driver's license, you'll be able to apply all of the safe and defensive driving habits you will have developed during each phase of the Montana DMV GDL program.

Our driver's license checklistallows you to keep track of your major steps towards your driver's license and share them with your friends.

Forms

This form is provided by your state's agency/department.

Please select one of the below to continue:

Join 1,972,984 Americans who searched for Car Insurance Rates:

• Get free quotes from the nation's biggest auto insurance providers.
• Over 94% of Americans qualify for lower rates.

In the United States, driver's licenses are issued by each individual state, territory, and the District of Columbia rather than by the federal government because of the concept of federalism. Drivers are normally required to obtain a license from their state of residence and all states recognize each other's licenses for non-resident age requirements. A state may also suspend an individual's driving privilege within its borders for traffic violations. Many states share a common system of license classes, with some exceptions, e.g. commercial license classes are standardized by federal regulation at 49 C.F.R.383.^[1]

• 3Commercial Driver's Licenses (CDL)
• 5Drivers licensing laws
• 7Use as identification and proof of age

History[edit]

As the number of motor vehicles reached tens of thousands, state and local governments assumed a new power: authorizing vehicles and drivers. In 1901, New York became the first state to register automobiles; by 1918 all states required license plates.^[2] States were slower to require licenses for drivers. Only 39 states issued them by 1935 and few required a test, despite widespread concern about incompetent drivers.^[2] Early motorists were taught to drive by automobile salesmen, family and friends, or organizations like the YMCA. By the 1930s, many high schools offered driver education.^[2]

Massachusetts and Missouri were the first states to require a driver's license in 1903, but there was no test associated with the license.^[3] “In 1908, Henry Ford launched the Model T, the first affordable automobile for many middle-class Americans. (In 1919, when Ford’s native state of Michigan started issuing driver’s licenses, he got his first one at age 56.) The same year the Model T debuted, Rhode Island became the first state to require both a license and a driver’s exam (Massachusetts instituted a chauffeur exam in 1907 and started requiring tests for all other drivers in 1920). California, now known for its car culture, started requiring licenses in 1913 and exams in 1927.”^[3] It was not until 1959 that all the states required a license for the driver.^[3]

Standard and special licenses[edit]

• Unrestricted Licenses are driver's licenses that most American drivers have in order to drive. Various states differ on what class they utilize to distinguish between a typical driver's license and special licenses, such as restricted, chauffeur, or motorcycle licenses. For instance, Tennessee designates Class D as a regular driver's license, while Class M is a motorcycle license and Class H is a hardship license (see below).
• Hardship licenses for minors are driver's licenses that are restricted to drivers between 14 and 15 (sometimes up to 18) years old who need to drive to and from home and school due to serious hardships, e.g. the driver's family has financial or medical problems; the driver needs to get to work or school and has no other practical way of getting to work or school. A hardship license for minors is distinct from hardship licenses granted for drivers with revoked or suspended licenses.^[4] The table below includes states that provide hardship licenses for minors.
• Provisional Licenses are functionally the same as a driver's license, but are typically issued to new drivers under the age of 18, i.e. 14–17 years old. Almost all states, with the exception of South Dakota, have some form of a graduated licensing provision; however, the actual restrictions and the length of time a new driver must adhere to them vary widely by state. Restrictions frequently include:
  • A curfew, after which night driving is not permitted (unless 18 years of age, or if the individual has completed an online course) without an adult present (typically 11 p.m., like Pennsylvania, or 1 a.m., like Wisconsin). However, some states (e.g. North Carolina) have curfews as early as 9 p.m. Some states such as New York provide exceptions for special situations, such as driving home from work or school functions, picking up family members, or for medical appointments, while others such as Massachusetts do not.
  • Restrictions on the number of passengers under a specific age present in the vehicle. For example, in California, minors may not transport people under age 20 for the first 365 days of licensure unless said passengers are family members (brother, sister, cousin, niece, nephew, or anyone who is 21 or had their license for 1 year or longer etc.).
• Chauffeur Licenses are functionally the same as a passenger car license, but also allow the holder to drive a taxi, limo, or other livery vehicle for hire. Livery licensing in the United States is somewhat complicated. In the United States, chauffeur licenses are not considered commercial or professional driver's licenses, and (assuming the driver already holds a regular passenger license) a road test is usually not required to convert it to a chauffeur license; however, some states do require a short written exam on taxi-specific driving laws or a background check, and require the driver to be at least 18 years of age (although many taxi companies will not hire drivers under 25 for insurance reasons). This type of license is typically, though not universally, called 'Class E'. Some states simply add an endorsement to a regular license, while others require no special permission at the state level to drive a taxi or limo. Florida once issued chauffeur licenses through its Class D licenses, a designation that was eliminated in 2006. Regardless of whether and how the state handles chauffeur licensing, a permit or license must always be obtained from the city, town, or county the driver will be operating in.
• Motorcycle Licenses covers motorcycles only; frequently combined with a regular driver's license. In some states this does not include some types of mopeds, scooters, or motorized bicycles, but with a wide variety of different state-by-state definitions for these vehicles. A common but not universal criterion is an engine displacement of 250 cc (15 cu in) or less, but also wheel size, type of transmission, and more are sometimes used in the legal codes to distinguish mopeds and scooters from motorcycles. These vehicles sometimes do not require a motorcycle license, or in some states any license at all, as well as in some states avoiding insurance and registration requirements. Unlike EU states, no US state differentiates between low and full powered motorcycles for the purposes of licensing. Some states require an additional motorcycle license to operate a sidecar rig.^[5]
• Enhanced Licenses are issued to U.S. citizens in Washington, Vermont, Michigan, California, Minnesota, and New York, and establish nationality in addition to driving privileges. An EDL is a WHTI compliant document, acceptable for re-entering the United States via land and sea crossings from Canada, Mexico, or the Caribbean. A U.S. Passport, birth certificate, or another document proving citizenship is required to apply for this type of license. Motorcycle and commercial driver's licenses (see above and below) usually can also be issued as enhanced.
• Handicap Permits are issued to persons who meet the proper guidelines for requiring handicap driving and parking access. They are granted special access to improve their quality of life as a driver. In certain states, namely Texas, a handicapped person's drivers license can be revoked based on their disability.^[6]

Some states also have additional classifications. Hawaii, for example, has a separate license category for drivers who only operate mopeds, while some more northerly states have separate categories for snowmobiles and ATVs. South Carolina and Georgia have non-commercial versions of every commercial class license for agricultural purposes.

Commercial Driver's Licenses (CDL)[edit]

Class C licenses are issued in all states, except Massachusetts, in both commercial and non-commercial status. A non-commercial Class C license may not be used for hire. Most recreational vehicles that do not fall into the class D/E category, such as converted buses, tractor, lawn mowers, or full size (greater than 40 feet (12 m)) campers require a non-commercial Class C license and the corresponding permit from the state with which you reside.

CDL endorsements[edit]

• Class A: Combination (tractor plus trailer) vehicle of 26,001 pounds (11,794 kg) or more. Includes split (coupled) buses.^[7]
• Class B: Single (straight) vehicle of 26,001 pounds (11,794 kg) or more (includes most buses including articulated buses). Also includes combination vehicles for commercial use weighing no less than 26,001 lb.^[7]
• Class C: Commercial vehicle that doesn't fit classes A or B, but is placarded for hazardous materials or is intended to carry 16 or more persons (excluding Georgia.) May include heavy-duty non-commercial vehicles with or without trailers, trailer must have a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 10,001 pounds (4,536 kg). Vehicles must have a gross vehicle weight rating of less than 26,001 pounds (11,794 kg). ^[7]

Age For Driving Permit

Professional drivers are usually required to add endorsements to their CDL in order to drive certain types of vehicles that require additional training. CDL endorsements requirements are mostly similar, but some vary slightly from state to state. The training and testing requirements are regulated by the US Department of Transportation. Endorsements are as follows:^[8]

• P: Passenger Transport (buses carrying 16 or more persons. Vans for hire carrying 11 or more persons in California)
• H: Hazardous Materials (requires a TSA background check as well as an extensive written exam. The driver must be a US Citizen or permanent lawful resident to obtain an H or X endorsement.)
• M: Metal coil
• N: Tank Vehicles (Required for carrying liquids in bulk.)
• T: Double/Triple Trailers (Road trains) (Class A licenses only.)
• X: Hazardous Materials and Tank Combination
• L: Air Brakes
• S: School Bus (In addition to a standard bus endorsement, more stringent TSA and CORI background checks are required.)

CDL restrictions[edit]

Licenses can be restricted through any of the following ways:^[8]

• B: Corrective Lenses are required while operating a motor vehicle.
• C: A mechanical aid is required to operate a commercial vehicle.
• D: A prosthetic aid is required to operate a commercial vehicle.
• E: The driver may only operate a commercial vehicle with an automatic transmission.
• F: An outside mirror is required on the commercial vehicle.
• G: The driver of a commercial vehicle is only allowed to operate during daylight hours.
• K: Drivers are authorized to drive a commercial vehicle within the state of issue (intrastate) only.^[9] This restriction applies to any holder of a CDL license who is under 21 years old.
• L: Drivers are restricted from operating a commercial vehicle with air brakes. This restriction is issued when a driver either fails the air brake component of the general knowledge test or performs the CDL road skills test in a vehicle not equipped with air brakes.
• M: CDL-A holders may operate CDL-B school buses only.
• N: CDL-A and CDL-B holders may operate CDL-C school buses only.
• O: Driver limited to pintail hook trailers only.
• Z: Alcohol Interlock Device required in the commercial vehicle.
• T: 60-day temporary license.

Foreign officials and diplomats[edit]

In a rare exception to states and territories issuing driver's licenses, the State Department's Office of Foreign Missions (OFM) issues driver's licenses to foreign officials and diplomats, bypassing the states and territories in which they live. OFM-issued driver licenses are equivalent to a regular state-issued license.^[10]

Drivers licensing laws[edit]

The minimum age to obtain a restricted driver's license in the United States varies from 14 years, three months in South Dakota to as high as 17 in New Jersey. In most states, with the exception of South Dakota, a graduated licensing law applies to newly licensed teenage drivers, going by names such as Provisional Driver, Junior Operator, Probationary Driver, or Intermediate License. These licenses restrict certain driving privileges, such as whether the new driver may carry passengers and if so how many, as well as setting a curfew for young drivers to be off the roads. For example, Utah drivers who are under 18 may not drive other people outside the family in their first six months with a license. Unlike in some states of Australia and some provinces of Canada, however, graduated licensing laws do not require lowered speed limits, displaying of L and P plates, restrictions on towing a trailer or boat, or prohibitions on highway driving or operating high performance cars.

Drivers under 18 are usually required to attend a comprehensive driver's education program either at their high school or a professional driving school and take a certain number of behind the wheel lessons with a certified driving instructor before applying for a license. Some states like New York also require new adult drivers to attend some form of driver's education before applying for a license.^[11]

However, in some states all newly licensed adult drivers may be on probation for a set amount of time (usually between six months and two years), during which traffic violations carry harsher penalties or mandatory suspensions that would not normally apply to experienced drivers.

According to federal law, the minimum age to operate a commercial vehicle in interstate transit is 21; as a result the minimum age to apply for an unrestricted commercial driver's license is 21.^[12]

Driving a school bus also requires a CDL, however the minimum age to drive a school bus is typically higher, usually 25. Some states issue restricted intrastate commercial driver's licenses, valid for operating commercial vehicles in that state only, to drivers aged 18 and older. Professional drivers who are aged 18–20 typically cannot be licensed to drive tractor trailers, hazardous materials, or school buses.

Licenses for adults and minors; GDL laws[edit]

Below is a list of Graduated Driver's Licenses (GDL) and hardship licenses for minors laws for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The list includes the state agency responsible for issuing driver's licenses and the length of time that a full (unrestricted) driver's license is valid for.^{[4][13][14][15][16]}

Decline in licensing among juveniles in the U.S.[edit]

According to a December 2, 2004 Los Angeles Times article, only 43% of American 15-17-year-olds had drivers licenses in 2002.^[115] By comparison, the percentage of drivers licenses in this age group in 1982 was 52%.^{[citation needed]}

Use as identification and proof of age[edit]

Driver's licenses issued in the United States have a number or alphanumeric code issued by the issuing state's department of motor vehicles (or equivalent), usually show a photograph of the bearer, as well as a copy of the bearer's signature, the address of the bearer's primary residence, the type or class of license, restrictions, endorsements (if any), the physical characteristics of the bearer (such as height, weight, hair color and eye color) and birth date. No two driver's license numbers issued by a state are alike. Social Security numbers are now prohibited by federal law from appearing on new driver's licenses due to identity theft concerns. In most states, to be compliant with AAMVA standards, the orientation of a driver's license for persons under the age of 21 is vertical while a driver's license for those over the age of 21 is horizontal. Since the driver's license is often used as proof of a person's age, the difference in orientation makes it easy to determine that a person is legally allowed to purchase or consume alcohol (the drinking age in all U.S. states is 21). Some states, however, do not require that a driver's license is changed to horizontal, such as Arizona, where it is optional to change to a horizontal license. Furthermore, the vertical license does not expire until age 65 in the state of Arizona. Most states require that when a driver establishes residence in a state, he or she must obtain a license issued by that state within a certain time frame.^{[citation needed]}

Because there is no national identity card in the United States, the driver's license is often used as the de facto equivalent for completion of many common business and governmental transactions. As a result, driver's licenses are the focus of many kinds of identity theft. Driver's licenses were not always identification cards. In many states, driver's licenses did not even have a photograph well into the 1980s. Activism by the Mothers Against Drunk Driving organization for the use of photo ID age verification in conjunction with increasing the drinking age to 21 in order to reduce underage drinking led to photographs being added to all state licenses. New York and Tennessee were the last states to add photos in 1986. However, New Jersey later allowed drivers to get non-photo licenses; this was later revoked.^[116] Vermont license holders have the option of receiving a non-photo license.^{[citation needed]} All Tennessee drivers aged 60 years of age or older had the option of a non-photo driver's license prior to January 2013, when photo licenses were required for voting identification. All people with valid non-photo licenses will be allowed to get a photo license when their current license expires.^[117] Thirteen states allow the option of a non-photo driver's license for reasons of religious belief: Arkansas, Indiana, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Dakota, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, Washington, and Wisconsin.^[118]

Later additions varied from state to state, and have included fingerprints, bar codes, magnetic strips, social security numbers, and tamper-proof features, most of which were added to prevent identity theft and to curb the use of fake IDs. States have now slowly been converting to digitized driver's licenses, which incorporate holograms and bar codes to prevent forgery.

Non-driver identification cards[edit]

Many states, usually through the same agency that issues driver's licenses, provide identification cards for people who do not drive.^[119]

Real ID[edit]

The Department of Homeland Security has the power through the Real ID Act of 2005 to set standards relating to identification of applicants and license design for state-issued driver licenses and identification cards. States are not required to comply with Real ID, but if a state does not comply, any driver licenses or ID cards issued by that state will not be valid for any official purpose with the federal government, meaning they will not be accepted for entering federal buildings or boarding airplanes.

For a state to meet Real ID compliance, licenses and ID cards issued from that state must be approved by DHS in meeting Real ID requirements.

States can choose to issue both regular licenses and ID cards as well as Real IDs, but any non-Real ID must be marked 'Not for Federal Identification'. Real IDs are valid for 8 years.

Real IDs are allowed to be issued only to legal immigrants and citizens of the United States.

When a person applies for a Real ID, either as a new driver license or ID card applicant or renewing a current license or ID card, they must present a citizenship document (US passport, certified birth certificate or citizenship certificate) or proof of legal immigrant status, proof of a Social Security number if they have been issued one, proof of any name changes if using birth certificate, and two proofs of residency in the state. The state then must verify the documents and store them either electronically or on paper. No one may have more than one Real ID at one time.

A RealID can be identified several different ways depending on the state. It is a gold or black star design located on the top right third of the ID.^[120] As of October 2011, Connecticut also issues them.^[121] Starting in January 2013, Ohio is issuing RealIDs under the name 'Safe ID'.^[122]California started issuing RealIDs on January 22, 2018.^[123]

Enhanced driver's licenses[edit]

Additionally, some states, mostly those with an international border, issue enhanced driver's licenses and enhanced ID cards. Enhanced licenses combine a regular driver's license with the specifications of the new federal passport card. Thus, in addition to providing driving privileges, the enhanced license also is proof of U.S. citizenship, and can therefore be used to cross the Canadian and Mexican borders by road, rail, or sea, although air travel still requires a traditional passport book.^[124] The enhanced licenses are also fully Real ID compliant.

As of May 2009, Vermont, New York, Michigan, and Washington were issuing enhanced driver's licenses and ID cards.^[125] In January 2014, Minnesota became the fifth state to issue enhanced driver's licenses, while Ohio is set to become the sixth state once it has been approved by its legislature.^[126]

On March 27, 2008, the Secretary of Homeland Security announced that Washington's enhanced driver's license^[127] was the first such license approved under the Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative; according to a Homeland Security press release, the department is also working with Arizonan authorities to develop enhanced driver's licenses. On September 16, 2008, New York began issuing enhanced driver's licenses that meet WHTI requirements. Texas was expected to also implement an enhanced driver's license program, but the program has been blocked by Texas Governor Rick Perry, despite a state law authorizing the Texas Department of Public Safety to issue EDLs and a ruling by the state attorney general, Greg Abbott, that Texas's production of EDLs would comply with federal requirements.^[128]

Digital driver's licenses[edit]

California,^[129]Iowa, and Delaware have proposed digital drivers licenses as a means of identification. The license would be available as an app by MorphoTrust USA and installed on a user's personal cellphone.^[130] Several questions have been raised about user privacy, since a police officer may ask for one's license and gain access to one's cellphone.^[131][132]

Louisiana^[133] passed House Bill 481 in 2016 which became Act 625, making Louisiana the first state with a legally accepted digital driver’s license via LA Wallet, an app created by Envoc that launched in July 2018.^[134] The law allows Louisiana residents to present driver identification using LA Wallet '...upon demand of any officer or agent of the department or any police officer of the state, parish, or municipality...'.^[135] The Louisiana digital driver's license requires no additional hardware to accept and includes a “no-touch” policy whereby the citizen remains in possession of the mobile device at all times. In October 2018, the Louisiana Secretary of State Kyle Ardoin approved usage of LA Wallet for voter identification at the polling stations. ^[136] In January 2019, the Louisiana Office of Alcohol and Tobacco Control issued a notice legally approving LA Wallet, Louisiana's Digital Driver's License app for purchase age verification for tobacco and alcohol sales. ^[137]

See also[edit]

Notes[edit]

1. ^The state of Florida allows persons with permits to operate a motor vehicle, as follows:(1) Any adult 'may apply for a temporary instruction permit.'(2) The department can 'issue a temporary permit to an applicant for a Class E driver's license permitting him or her to operate a motor vehicle ...'(3) Any person can 'apply for a temporary commercial instruction permit.'(4) Any teenager '17 years and three months can and may' get a 'Class E drivers' license if they already 'possesses a valid driver's license issued in any state; and ... is accompanied by a licensed driver who is 21 years of age or older, who is licensed ...'^{[citation needed]}

References[edit]

1. ^'Part 383: Commercial driver's license standards; requirements and penalties - Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration'. DOT.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
2. ^ ^abc'America on the Move | Licensing Cars and Drivers'. National Museum of American History. Retrieved March 1, 2018.
3. ^ ^abcNix, Elizabeth (June 24, 2016). 'When was the first U.S. driver's license issued?'. History Stories. Retrieved July 21, 2019.
4. ^ ^ab'What is a hardship license and who is eligible?'. DMV Answers. 2010-01-13. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
5. ^American Motorcyclist Association, State-by-state motorcycle laws, archived from the original on March 2, 2012, retrieved February 29, 2012
6. ^Team, DPS Web. 'TxDPS - Driver License Medical Revocation'. www.dps.texas.gov.
7. ^ ^abc'COMMERCIAL DRIVER'S LICENSE PROGRAM'. Idaho Transport Department. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
8. ^ ^ab'Classifications and Endorsements'. Division of Motor Vehicles. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
9. ^Vehicles, Department of Motor. 'DMV: CDL - Types of License Classifications and Endorsements'. www.ct.gov.
10. ^Office of Foreign Missions, Driver Services, archived from the original on August 30, 2009, retrieved April 9, 2011
11. ^'New York State Department of Motor Vehicles: Road Test Requirements'. Dmv.ny.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
12. ^'Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, DOT'(PDF). United States Department of Transportation. Retrieved 11 February 2015.
13. ^'Licensing System for Young Drivers'. Iihs.org. 2003-09-01. Retrieved 2017-01-15.
14. ^'U.S. older driver licensing procedures'. Iihs.org. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
15. ^'License Renewal Procedures'. Iihs.org. June 2018. Retrieved 2018-06-20.
16. ^'License Renewal'. aaa.com. September 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-03-20. Retrieved 2015-09-20.
17. ^'Alabama Department of Public Safety'. Dps.alabama.gov. Archived from the original on 2013-01-24. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
18. ^'Driver License / State ID'. Doa.alaska.gov. 2011-11-21. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
19. ^'Motor Vehicle Division'. Azdot.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
20. ^'DFA - Driver Services'. Arkansas.gov. 2011-04-29. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
21. ^'Driver License Information'. Dmv.ca.gov. 2008-05-22. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
22. ^California Driver Handbook - The California Driver License - Minor's Provisional Permit and License InformationArchived January 27, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
23. ^'V.C. Section 12814.6 - Provisional License for Minors: Distinctive Driver's License'. Dmv.ca.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
24. ^'Application for Junior Permit'(PDF). Apps.dmv.ca.gov. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-05-17. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
25. ^'Department of Revenue - Division of Motor Vehicles:Driver's License and ID Card Information'. Colorado.gov. 2011-04-04. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
26. ^Department of Motor Vehicles. 'Department of Motor Vehicles'. Ct.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
27. ^'State of Delaware Division of Motor Vehicles - Driver Services'. Dmv.de.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
28. ^'Department of Motor Vehicles- GRAD License Program'. dmv.dc.gov. Archived from the original on 2014-09-09. Retrieved 2014-08-18.
29. ^Staff. 'Driver License Fees'. DC DMV. DC DMV. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
30. ^'Official Website Florida Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles'. Flhsmv.gov. 1992-04-01. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
31. ^'Department of Driver Services'. Dds.ga.gov. Retrieved 2017-05-19.
32. ^'Obtaining Learners Permit'. Dds.ga.gov. Archived from the original on 2012-12-07. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
33. ^'Petition for Hardship Exemption to School Conduct and Attendance Requirement'(PDF). Dds.ga.gov. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2012-04-17. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
34. ^'Residents - Transportation & Vehicles'. Portal.ehawaii.gov. Archived from the original on 2012-10-30. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
35. ^Rik Hinton, Idaho Transportation Department (2011-07-28). 'Idaho Driver's License Program'. Itd.idaho.gov. Archived from the original on 2012-12-14. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
36. ^'Driver Services'. Cyberdriveillinois.com. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
37. ^'BMV: Driver's Licenses'. In.gov. 2009-06-16. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
38. ^'Indiana Driver's Manual'.
39. ^'Driver's license/ID > dldefault'. www.iowadot.gov.
40. ^Staff. 'Renewing your Iowa driver's license'. Iowa MVD. Iowa DOT. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
41. ^Staff (2013). 'Iowa Drivers License'. Iowa Department of Transportation. Retrieved 26 July 2013.
42. ^http://www.iadotforms.dot.state.ia.us/iowadotformsGetTemplate.aspx?did=89^{[permanent dead link]}
43. ^'Kansas Department of Revenue - Your Vehicle'. Ksrevenue.org. 2012-07-01. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
44. ^Kansas Department of Revenue (January 1, 2010). 'Teen Driving Information'. Graduated Driver License Requirements for Teen Drivers. Kansas Department of Revenue. Archived from the original on March 26, 2010. Retrieved April 9, 2010.
45. ^'KS Statute 8-236(a)(1)'. Kslegislature.org. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
46. ^'Driver License, ID Card, & General Information'. ky.gov.
47. ^Yetter, Deborah (April 15, 2016). '$48 'Real ID' driver's licenses passed in Ky'. Courier Journal. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
48. ^'Louisiana Office of Motor Vehicles'. Omv.dps.state.la.us. Archived from the original on 2012-12-25. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
49. ^'Driver License Services: Maine Bureau of Motor Vehicles'. Maine.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
50. ^'Maryland Driver's License'. Mva.maryland.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
51. ^'Massachusetts RMV - Who Needs a Massachusetts License?'. Mass.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
52. ^'Massachusetts FAQs About Learner's Permits & Junior Operator Licenses'(PDF). July 2012. Retrieved 2013-10-29.
53. ^'Summary of the Safe Driving Law - MassDOT RMV'(PDF). Retrieved 2013-10-29.
54. ^'SOS - Driver License and State ID'. Michigan.gov. 2012-10-01. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
55. ^'GDL Restrictions and Violation Consequences'. Retrieved 2018-04-26.
56. ^'Application for Minor Restricted License Special Farming Need Only'(PDF). Michigan.gov. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
57. ^'Driver and Vehicle Services - Pages - Home'. Dps.mn.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
58. ^'Minnesota Department of Public Safety: Driver and Vehicle Services'(PDF). Dps.mn.gov. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
59. ^'New Driver's License | Mississippi Department of Public Safety'. Dps.state.ms.us. 2012-12-01. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
60. ^'Driver Licensing'. Dor.mo.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
61. ^'Missouri Department of Revenue'. dor.mo.gov. Archived from the original on 2008-01-29. Retrieved 2008-01-26.
62. ^'Driver Licensing – Montana Department of Justice'. Doj.mt.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
63. ^'Driver Licensing – Montana Department of Justice'. Doj.mt.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
64. ^'Nebraska Official Department of Motor Vehicles | DMV'. Dmv.ne.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
65. ^'Nebraska Official Department of Motor Vehicles | DMV'. Dmv.ne.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
66. ^'Nebraska Department of Motor Vehicles: School Permit/Provisional Operator's 50 Hour Certification'(PDF). Dmv.ne.gov. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2012-06-09. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
67. ^'Nevada Driver Licenses and ID Cards'. Dmvnv.com. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
68. ^Staff. 'Driver License Renewal Options'. Nevada DMV. Nevada DMV. Retrieved 20 June 2018.
69. ^'Restricted License Information'(PDF). Dmvnv.vom. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
70. ^'Section 263:25 Exception for Persons Learning to Drive'. Gencourt.state.nh.us. 1990-06-27. Archived from the original on 2007-08-05. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
71. ^'Section 263:21 Exception'. Gencourt.state.nh.us. 1982-01-01. Archived from the original on 2007-08-07. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
72. ^'State of New Jersey - Motor Vehicle Commission'. Nj.gov. 2012-11-08. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
73. ^'N.J. teens refuse to use red decal stickers required by Kyleigh's Law'. NJ.com.
74. ^'Fewer than one in four N.J. teen drivers purchased required license-plate decals'. NJ.com.
75. ^'Licensing'. Mvd.newmexico.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
76. ^'NYS DMV - Driver License, Learner Permit and Non-Driver Photo ID Card'. Dmv.ny.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
77. ^'GDL Restrictions and Violation Consequences'. New York State DMV. Retrieved 26 April 2018.
78. ^'NCDOT: Driver License'. Ncdot.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
79. ^'NCDOT: License Renewal & Duplicate'. Ncdot.gov. Archived from the original on 2012-12-28. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
80. ^'NDDOT - Licensing and Registration'. Dot.nd.gov. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
81. ^'ODPS | BMV | Ohio Driver License Information'. Bmv.ohio.gov. 1997-07-01. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
82. ^'Driver Licenses and ID Cards'. state.ok.us. Archived from the original on 2012-05-25. Retrieved 2012-05-21.
83. ^'Oregon DMV Driver & ID Information'. Oregon.gov. Archived from the original on 2012-05-09. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
84. ^'Driver's License and Photo ID Center'. Dmv.state.pa.us. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
85. ^PENNDOT Driver and Vehicle Services - Young DriversArchived February 22, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
86. ^'State of Rhode Island: Division of Motor Vehicles: Licenses and IDs'. DMV.RI.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
87. ^Driver's Manual (Rhode Island Division of Motor Vehicles), accessed November 17, 2011.
88. ^'SC Department of Motor Vehicles'. Scdmvonline.com. Archived from the original on 2012-12-28. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
89. ^Shain, Andy (May 1, 2017). 'South Carolina rolling out new driver's licenses to meet government REAL ID rules'. Post and Courier. Retrieved 21 June 2018.
90. ^'South Dakota Department of Public Safety: Licensing: Driver Licensing'. Dps.sd.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
91. ^'Driver Services'. Tn.gov. 2011-01-01. Archived from the original on 2013-01-09. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
92. ^'Hardship License (Class H)'. Tn.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
93. ^'Hardship Driver License/Certificate Policy'(PDF). Tn.gov. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-04-11. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
94. ^'TxDPS - Your Texas Drivers License / ID'. Txdps.state.tx.us. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
95. ^'TxDPS - Drivers Age 79 or Older'. Txdps.state.tx.us. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
96. ^'Adult Driver Education and Safety Course'. Texas Department of Public Safety. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved May 11, 2011.
97. ^'Texas Department of Public Safety: Minor's Restricted Driver License Application'(PDF). Txdps.state.tx.us. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
98. ^'Utah Driver License Division | Utah Department of Public Safety'. Publicsafety.utah.gov. Archived from the original on 2012-12-22. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
99. ^'Licenses, Permits & ID's - Drivers | Vermont Department of Motor Vehicles'. Dmv.vermont.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
100. ^'A Parent Guide To The Graduated Drivers License (GDL)'(PDF). Archived from the original(PDF) on March 26, 2008. Retrieved April 26, 2018.
101. ^'Commonwealth of Virginia Department of Motor Vehicles'. DMV.State.Va.US. 2007-05-14. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
102. ^'WA State Licensing: Driver License'. Dol.wa.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
103. ^'Division of Motor Vehicles'. Transportation.wv.gov. 2012-01-03. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
104. ^'Getting a driver license - Wisconsin Department of Transportation'. Dot.wisconsin.gov. 2012-10-11. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
105. ^'Restricted licenses for persons under 18 years of age'. Wisconsin Legislature. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
106. ^'Driver License and Records'. Dot.state.wy.us. Archived from the original on 2013-01-21. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
107. ^'Learner Permits'. Dot.state.wy.us. 2011-06-01. Archived from the original on 2012-06-04. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
108. ^'Restricted Class 'RC' or 'RM' Driver's License'(PDF). Dot.state.wy.us. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-03-08. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
109. ^'Affidavit for Restricted Driver's License'(PDF). Dot.state.wy.us. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-03-08. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
110. ^'Wyoming Highway Patrol Restricted Driver's License Investigation School Attendance Verificatio'(PDF). Dot.state.wy.gov. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-03-08. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
111. ^'Wyoming Highway Patrol Restricted Driver's License Investigation Work Verification'(PDF). Dot.state.wy.us. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-03-08. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
112. ^'Wyoming Highway Patrol Restricted Driver's License Investigation Verification of Parental Ownership of Business'(PDF). Dot.state.wy.us. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-03-08. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
113. ^'Wyoming Highway Patrol Restricted Driver's License Investigation Insurance Verification'(PDF). Dot.state.wy.us. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-03-08. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
114. ^'Restrictions for Class 'RC' or 'RM' Driver's License'(PDF). Dot.state.wy.us. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2013-03-08. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
115. ^'Los Angeles Times - 'Licenses Take a Back Seat''. Pqasb.pqarchiver.com. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
116. ^'Internet Archive Wayback Machine'. Web.archive.org. 2005-03-05. Archived from the original on 2005-03-05. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
117. ^'Renewing Your License'. Tn.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
118. ^'Religious Accommodation in Driver's License Photographs'(PDF). Moritzlaw.osu.edu. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
119. ^'Why New Photo ID Laws Mean Some Won't Vote'. NPR.org. January 28, 2012.
120. ^'American Association of Motor Vehicle Administrators'. aamva.org.
121. ^Department of Motor Vehicles. 'DMV: Select CT ID Overview'. Ct.gov. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
122. ^'Odps | Bmv | Safe Id'. Bmv.ohio.gov. 1964-12-01. Archived from the original on 2013-03-08. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
123. ^https://www.dmv.ca.gov/portal/dmv/detail/realid
124. ^Enhanced Drivers Licenses: What Are They?, retrieved April 2, 2008. Archived March 11, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
125. ^http://www.boston.com/news/local/vermont/articles/2009/05/22/states_busy_issuing_licenses_for_border_crossings/^{[dead link]}
126. ^Ohio legislative panel set to vote on controversial enhanced' driver's licenses' from www.cleveland.com 1 April 2014
127. ^'Enhanced Driver License/ID Card (EDL/ID)'. Dol.wa.gov. 2011-05-10. Retrieved 2012-12-29.
128. ^Perry Denies Enhanced Driver's License ProgramArchived 2008-12-10 at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved April 2, 2008.
129. ^'What's In Your Wallet? California Driver's Licenses Closer To Going Digital'. CBS News.
130. ^'Delaware aims to be 1st with digital driver's licenses'. USA Today/The News Journal.
131. ^'Digital driver's licenses come with one small (big) problem'. CNET.
132. ^'The Problem With Digital Drivers Licenses: Iowa Tests High Tech IDs'. ABC News.
133. ^'New app launches so you can keep your driver's license on your phone'. WAFB.
134. ^'Need your driver's license? There's an app for that'. Greater Baton Rouge Business Report.
135. ^'Louisiana House Bill 481'. LegiScan.
136. ^'Early Voting Begins Tomorrow For Fall Election Cycle'. Louisiana Secretary of State.
137. ^'ATC Notice of Intent for our Digitized Identification Rule'(PDF). Louisiana Office of Alcohol and Tobacco Control.